Article, Noun, Possessive adjective, want, Adjective, what, there is and there are imperative sentences, where is & where are; in this article, we will study the basic structure which is necessary for the English language.
What is an article?
A word that is used before a noun to specify that noun is called an article. In English, we have two kinds of articles. Which are given below.
Kinds of the article:-
- Definite article.
- Indefinite article.
Dinitite article.
“The” is called a definite article.
e.g.
- The man
- the tree
- the wall
- the woman.
- the fan
Example within the sentence.
- The man is standing in the line.
- the tree gives a shadow.
- The wall is thought.
- The woman is active.
- The is giving fresh air.
2. Indefinite article:
“A” and “An” are called indefinite articles.
Examples:
- A boy
- a girl
- A man
- A woman
- An umbrella
- An owner
- An engineer
- An angle
Example within the sentence. - I saw a boy.
- She is a girl.
- I have an umbrella.
- An engineer can make buildings.
| Articles | example | example |
| A | 1: I saw a girl. | 2: He has a terrible journey. |
| An | 1: You gave me an orange. | 2: I bought you an apple. |
| The | 1: I always listen to the radio. | 2: I love the flower in your garden. |
What is a noun?
Noun:
A word noun is the name of a person, place, or thing.
Examples:
(Person):
- Ali is a boy.
- Ahmad is a student.
- Hussain is a teacher.
(Place):
- Quetta is a beautiful city.
- Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan.
(Thing):
- It is a book.
- It is a chair.
- It is a pencil.
Possessive Adjective:
Definition: An adjective that shows the possession or ownership of something.
Possessive Adjectives are “My, Your, Their, Our, His, Her, Its”
(My, His, Her, Its) are used for singular.
(Our, Their) are used for plural.
(Your) is used for both singular & plural.
Examples:
There are thirty students in your class.
This is my book.
Our teacher teaches us very well.
They stand their cars on the ground.
The loin is sitting on its tail.
His mother is playing with her toy.
His brother is my best friend.
Exercises:
Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjective.
- I try to do my class work in ________ class. (his, her, my)
- Playing football is very good for _______ health. ( our, its, my)
- Every teacher always feels proud of ___________ best personality. (our, their, his)
- _______ Parents always try for __________ success. ( my, our, its)
- I don’t know about _________ friends. ( your, my, its)
What:
Definition: what is a W.H. question that starts with W.H. words that are used for confirmation of something?
Examples:
| Interrogatives(what) | Answers |
| What is this? | It is a pen. |
| What is this? | It is a bicycle. |
| What is this? | It is a bike. |
| What is this? | It is a toy. |
Yes/No Question:
Yes/No questions are those questions whose expected answer is either “Yes/No”.
Examples:
| Affirmatives | Interrogatives (yes/no questions) | Answers |
| They are Pakistani. | Are they Pakistani? | Yes, they are. |
| She is good. | Is she good? | Yes, She is. |
| They are my friends. | Are they my friends? | No, they are not. |
| He is a teacher. | Is he a teacher? | No, he is not. |
Adjective:
Definition: a word that describes a noun or pronoun is called an adjective.
Examples:
Ali is a good boy.
It is a red car.
She is a tall girl.
Muhammad is a nice person.
He is an experienced teacher.
Hussain is big for his age.
Demonstrative pronoun:
Definition: A pronoun that points out a noun or indicates a noun is called a demonstrative pronoun.
Demonstrative pronouns are “this, that, these, and those”
Usages:
“This” is used for near and singular things.
“That “is used for farther and singular things.
“These” is used for near and plural things.
“Those” is used for farther and plural things.
Examples:
“This” “That”
- This is a marker. 5) That is a room.
- This is a book. 6) That is a class.
- This is a computer. 7) That is a table.
- This is a large room. 8) That is a man.
“These” “Those”
9) These are pens. 13) Those are bikes.
10) These are mobiles. 14) Those are shirts.
11) These are Computers. 15) Those are mine.
12) These are roads. 16) Those are classes.
Imperative sentence:
Definition: A sentence that shows order, request, and suggestion is called an imperative sentence.
Note: only the first form of the verb is used in an imperative sentence. Because these sentences are only for the present.
Examples:
- Order
- Come here.
- Close the door.
- Type it.
- Help them.
- Shut up.
- Don’t make noise.
- Next time, come on time.
Who:
Definition: It is a W.H. word and is used to give further information about a person or people.
Examples:
| Question | Answer |
| 1: Who arrest her? | The police arrested her. |
| 2: Who is that woman? | She is her mother. |
| 3: Who is that girl? | She is a nurse. |
| 4: Who is that boy? | He is a student. |
Pronoun:
Definition: A word that is used in place of a noun is called a pronoun.
We have seven pronouns:
I, We, you, they, He, She & It
Examples:
He
- Quaid-e-Azam is the founder of Pakistan.
He is the founder of Pakistan.
She
- Kate is a teacher.
She is a teacher.
They
- Ahmad and Ali are my students.
They are my students.
It
- The cat is on the table.
It is on the table.
We
I and Ali are friends.
We are friends.
I
- I am a student.
How many:
How many are used to knowing the number of countable things?
Examples:
- How many languages can you speak?
- How many mangoes are there in the bucket?
- How many boys are there in the classroom?
- How many teachers are there in EYES?
- How many brothers and sisters are you?
- How many books do you have?
Form of sentences:
We have three kinds of sentences
- Positive sentence:
- He is a boy.
- She is a girl.
- They are teachers.
- We are students.
- Negative sentence:
- He is not a boy.
- She is not a girl.
- They are not teachers.
- We are not students.
- Interrogative sentence:
- Is he a boy?
- Is she a girl?
- Are they teachers?
- Are we students?
Little:
Little has got a negative meaning; it means,” not much/ not enough.
Examples:
- There is little milk in the glass. (not much/ not enough)
- We have little
- I have little time for reading.
- There is little water in the jug.
- There was little pollution in the city.
Can:
Definition: can is used to show ability and power.
Examples:
- We can play football.
- You can read English.
- He can speak Persian.
- She can beat him.
- You can drive a car.
There is and there are:
We use there is and there are to say that something may exist.
There is:
- There is one table in the classroom.
- There is a spider in the bath.
- There is a good toy on the table.
There are:
- There are three chairs in the classroom.
- There are many people in the hall.
- There are nine cats on the roof.
Where is and where are:
They are W.H. word; it is used to ask or to tell about the place.
Examples:
Where is:
- Where is she? She is at home.
- Where is Ali? Ali is in school.
- Where is he from? He is from Pakistan.
Where are:
- Where are you from? I am from Quetta.
- Where are they going? They are going to the bazaar.
- Where are you? I am at home.
Want and do not:
Definition: it is used to show our desire or our wish.
Note: After want we use the infinitive with “To”
Examples:
“Want”
- I want to talk in English.
- He wants to go home.
- She wants to clear the room.
“Do not want”
- I do not want to talk Persian.
- They do not want to respect the teacher.
- We do not want to dirty the room.
Here is and here are:
Definition: Here is and here are introduce the noun in a sentence.
Examples:
“Here is”
- Here is the book.
- Here is the file.
“Here are”
- Here are the files to check.
- Here are the results.
“Ing” form of the verb:
Present continuous tense:
Definition: An action that is going on at the time of speaking.
Examples:
- He is playing
- She is driving
- You are dancing
- They are teaching in EYES.
Like:
Definition: It shows our choice.
Examples:
- I like an apple.
- She likes
- He likes
- We like